Brick-kiln



(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. H. THISSEN & M. M. ARNOLD.

BRICK KILN.

Patented Nov. 19, 1889.

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ATTORNEYS.

N. PETERS. PhoioLilhcgvapher. Wzihingmn, n. C.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. H. THISSEN & M. M, ARNOLD.

BRICK KILN.

No. 415,482. Patented Nov. 19, 1889.

WITNESSES:

R I Inn 5mg.- W By ATTORNEYS.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet a. J. H. THISSEN & M. M. ARNOLD.

BRIGK KILN No. 415,482. Patented Nov. 19, 1889.

WITNESSES.

N PETER. Pmwumu im. Wnlhlngion, D. c.

(No Model. 7 Sheets-Sheet 4. J. H. THISSEN & M. M. ARNOLD. BRICK KILN.

No. 415,482. Patented Nov. 19, 1889.

N. PETERS. Pnow-Lilm m nu. Wnhmghm. D. c.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 5.

J. H. THISSEN & M. M. ARNOLD. BRICK KILN.

No. 415,482. Patented Nov. 19, 1889.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR: 4 3y TTOYS.

(No Model. "l Sheets-Sheet 6.

J. H. THISSEN & M. M. ARNOLD.

BRICK KILN. I No. 415,482. Patented Nov. 19,

E 1 t a WITIVESSE ATTORNEYS.

N PETERS, Phowuuw m mr. Washington. I), C.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 7. J. H. THISSEN & M. M. ARNOLD.

BRICK KILN.

H W-H H H H H H I Patented Nov. 19, 1889.

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W/ M58858 W K/MW W ATTORNEYS.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN IIUBERT THISSEN AND MILLARD M. ARNOLD, OF OMAHA, NEBRASKA.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 415,482, dated November19, 1889.

(No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOHN IIUBERT THIS- SEN and MILLARD M. ARNOLD, bothof Omaha, in the county of Douglas and State of Nebraska, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Combined Continuous Brick Kilnsand Driers, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription.

The object of our invention is to provide a new and improved combinedcontinuous brick kiln and drier which is simple and durable inconstruction, very effective and continuous in operation, and serves tovery effectively dry, water-smoke, and burn the bricks without moving orchanging them after they are once set in the kiln until the bricks arefinished.

The invention consists of certain parts and details and combinations ofthe same, as will be hereinafter fully described, and then pointed outin the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis specification, in which similar figures and letters of referenceindicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figures 1 and 1 are sectional side elevations of the improvement on theline y y of Fig. 2, 1 being a continuation of 1. Fig. 2 is a reducedsectional plan view of the same on the line z of Fig. I. Fig. 3 is alike view of the same on the line .2 of Fig. 1. Fig. l is a transversesection of the improvement on the line 20 w of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a likeview of the same 011 the line "H v of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a similar viewof the same on the line a u of Fig.2. Figs. 7 and 7 are longitudinalsections of the improvement on the linet t of Fig. 2. Fig. 8 is anenlarged transverse section of the draft-doors and mechanism foroperating the same. Fig. 9 is a side elevation of part of the same. Fig.10 is a section of the same on the line r of Fig. 8. Fig. 11 is anenlarged section of one of the draftchannels leading to thesmoke-chamber, and Fig. 12 is an enlarged sectional plan view of one endof one of the transverse shutters or movable partitions.

The improved kiln A is preferably made in the shape shown, beingprovided with two parallel sides and semi-hexagonal ends. The kiln A isfurther provided with a continuous passage B, the ends of which aresemi-hexagonal in shape, being similar to the ends of the kiln, as isplainly shown in the drawings. The continuous passage B is provided withan inner and an outer wall B and B and an arched top B ,built ofsuitable material. The several walls are covered on top with sand orother similar material, so as to retain as much heat as possible withinthe kiln.

The passage B is divided by a number of transverse shutters or movablepartitions G into a desired number of compartments, (in this casesixteen) which, for the sake of convenience, are numbered from 1 to 16,inclusive. (See Fig. 2.) Into each compartment leads a door D, formed inthe outer wall 13 as is plainly shown in the drawings. In the bottom ofeach compartment, near its middle, is formed a transverselyextendingdraft-channel E, connecting at its inner end with a due F, extendinghorizontally to the middle of the kiln, then passing Vertically andopening into a longitudinally-eXtending smoke-chamber G, connecting inthe center with the chimney H.

Each of the shutters or movable partitions C is made of a fire-proofcloth or other suitable material, of sufficient height and Width tocompletely cover the passage-way B transversely. Each shutter C isadapted to pass at its ends through vertical slots B in the side walls13 and B into vertical recesses 13 Each shutter C is secured at one endto a roller I, held vertically and mounted to turn in suitable bearingsformed in the recess B in the Wall 13 of the kiln A. The other end ofthe shutter O is secured to flexible strips 0 near its top and bottom,(see Fig. 6,) the strips being wound around and fastened to a roller 1',similar in construction to the roller I, and also mounted to turn insuitable bearings in the recess B in the wall 13*. The upper end of theroller 1 carries a crank-arm 5 1 by which the roller can be convenientlyturned, so as to wind up or unwindthe strips O and the shutter C. On theouter end of the roller I is secured a drum I 011 which winds a rope I",passing over pulleys I and I, placed one above the other in a suitableframe-work erected on top of the kiln A. The end of the rope I whichhangs down is provided with a weight 1 which serves to counterbalancethe rollers I and I, so as to hold the shutter O in proper position andat the proper tension.

WVhen the operator desires to connect one compartment with another ordisconnect it from the same, he turns the crank-arm I so that'theshutter 0 either moves across the passage B or is wound up entirely onthe roller I or 1. (See Fig. 6.)

Each of the draft-channels E (see Figs. 8, 9, and 10) is open at the topand is partly covered by the plates J and J, provided at their ends withdownwardly-extending lugs J fitting into corresponding guideways E,secured to the sides of the channel E, as is plainly illustrated in Fig.10. The plates J and J do not cover theentire length of the channel Eand are mounted to move transversely, so as to connect the interior ofeach compartment with its channel E at either end, or at both ends atthe same time, or in the middle, as desired. The plates J and J areconnected with chains J 3 and J respectively, extending into recesses B,formed in the side Walls 13 and B Each of the chains J 3 and J passesover a pulley J mounted to turn in suitable bearings in the lower partof the recess 13, and then the chain extends upward through the saidrecess and through an aperture in the top plate K, covering the recess BThe outer end of the chain J 3 is provided with a ring J 6 forconveniently pulling on the said chain J 3 or J 4 whenever desired.

A chain J T is connected with the plate J at its inner end and extendsunder the plate J to a pulley J located alongside the pulley J overwhich passes the chain J before mentioned. The chain J 7 extends upwardin the recess B and through the top plate K, and is also provided with aring J i A similar chain .J is connected with the inner end of the plateJ, extends under the plate J and over a pulley J arranged alongside thepulley J over which passes the chain J connected with the plate J. Thechain J 8 also extends through the recess 13 and the top plate K in amanner similar to the chains J J and J before mentioned.

In order to prevent any escape of heat through the recess 13, wecoverthe upper end of the same with an additional cap K, also inclosingthe rings J 6 and the upper ends of the chains J 3 J 7 and the chains J4 J respectively. It will be understood that the chains J and J pass upthrough one wall of the passage-way B, while the chains J 4 and J passup through the other wall.

Now, when the operator desires to move either of the plates J or Jforward or backward he'pulls on the respective chain J J or J 4 J Forinstance, when the operator desires to move the inner edge of the plateJ against the plate J he pulls on the chain J and if the operatordesires to move the end of the plate J nearer the wall or against thelatter he pulls on the chain J The plate J can be similarly manipulated,so that the passage-way B can be connected with the channel E at eachend of the plate J or J at both ends or in the center at the same time,as illustrated in Fig. 8.

The end of each flue F, leading into the smoke-chamber G, can be openedor closed by a damper F, secured on a rod F extending upward through thechamber G and through the top of the kiln A to the outside. By raisingthe rod F the damper F is unseated from the flue F and communication isestablished between the passage-way B and the smoke-chamber G. When thedamper F is unseated from the end of the fine F, the respectivecompartment in the passage-way B is disconnected from the smoke-chamberG. Each damper F is provided witha downwardly-extending annular rim Fadapted to set in a layer of sand held in an annular groove formed inthe top of the head F held on the upper end of the flue F, as shown inFig. 11, the said head F forming the seat for the damper F.

In the chimney H are arranged the openings H, connecting with thechamber G and adapted to be opened and closed by a damper H held toslide vertically on the outside of the chimney H and secured to rods Hextending to the top of the kiln, as is plainly shown in Figs. 7 and 7.Either end of the smoke-chamber G can thus be out off from the chimneyWhenever desired.

From the top of the smoke-chamber G lead upward the man-holes G, placedsuitable distances apart and adapted to be opened and closed in theusual manner. Into the top of the passage-way B in each compartment leada number of firing-tines L, extending from the top of the kiln A throughthe arched top B of the said passage-Way B, as is plainly shown in Fig.4. On the upper end of each firing-fine L is held a head L, filled withsand and adapted to be closed by a cap L in a manner similar to that inwhich the connection of draft-channels in smoke-chamber is closed by thecap F. The firing-fines L serve for feeding coal or similar material asa fuel into the respective compartment, as hereinafter more fullydescribed.

From the top of each compartment in the passage-way B lead a number ofheat-escape pipes N,'leading to a pipe N, extending outward and providedwith a damper N ,'0per ated from the top of the kiln. Each pipe N, fromeach of the compartments in the passage-way B, leads to a continuousmain heatpipe 0, held in the outer wall of the kiln. Between two pipes Nis held in the continuous main heat-pipe a damper 0, so as to controlthe heat escaping from the compartments to the main pipe 0. Into thelatter also lead a number of pipes P, extending upward over thepassage-way B and opening into the outer air on top of the kiln, as isplainly shown in Fig. 5. These pipes P serve to let fresh air into thepipe Q from the outside, the fresh air being heated by passing throughthe heated pipeP as the latter is embedded in the hot sand on top of thepassage-way B.

The operation is as follows: By the use of the shutters or movablepartitions C we are enabled to make the draft in each compartmentindependent of the next following compartmen t. In commencing we usuallyset the green bricks, say, in about eight compartments, and build a wallacross the first compartment. The first compartment is set with archesor fire-holes, the same as in the oldfashioned open kiln, and is firedwith wood until the bricks are hot enough to permit of burning coal,which is fed into the kiln bricks is continued.

through the firing-fines L, previously described. The old-fashionedarches in the compartment are then closed, and the compartment isexclusively fired from the top through the firing-fiues L until thebricks are thoroughly burned. As the draft is open, say, fourcompartments ahead, the heat from the first compartment is drawn throughthe other three compartments, whereby the second compartment is maderedhot and the next one warm, and so 011, the heat being less in thesuccessive compartments. Now, in the fifth compartment the shutter ormovable partition 0 is drawn across the compartment, so as to make thefollowing compartment ahead independent of those burning. At the sametime the setting of the *hen the green bricks in the first compartmentare burned to the desired extent, they are ready to cool off. Instead ofopening the kiln now to let the heat escape, as is done in other kilns,we conduct the heat through the pipe N from the burning-compartment intothe pipe N, and from the latter let it pass into the main continuousheat-pipe O. The latter is closed behind the first compartment by therespective damper O, and the dampers 0' between this closed one and theone next to the shutter drawn across the compartment are opened, whilethe damper ahead of the said drawn shutter is closed, so that the heatfrom the cooling-off compartment passes through the pipe 0 into theintervening compartments, thus heating and drying the same. The draft isthen opened in the eighth compartment and the partition or sh utterbetween the compartments S and 9 is closed, making the compartments 5,(3, 7, and S entirelyindependent of those burning and of the rest of thekiln ahead of the compartment 8. This arrangement enables us to conductthe escaping heat from the compartment No. 1, which is cooling off,ahead of the sh utter or movable partition to the compartment i, and,further, through the green bricks to the draft in the compartment 8,thereby water-smoking and drying the bricks with the heat from thecooling bricks in the first chamber, which heat would otherwise be lost.

The drying process above described is aided by the pipes P, which leadair from the outside through the hot sand on top of the kiln into thepipe 0. Air thuspassing into the pipe 0 mixes with the escaping heatfrom the burning-compartment ahead of the partition between thecompartments 4 and 5, thereby increasing the heat and assisting thedrying process.

The above-described process is continuousthat is, one compartment afteranother is burned, as above described, the heat is conducted ahead, thebricks after being burned are removed and green bricks set in, so thatthe kiln can be kept constantly running, filling in green bricks, andremoving finished burned bricks.

It will be understood that only one channel and flue leads from eachcompartment to the smoke-chamber G, the draft being regulated by the twoplates J and J", moving over the open top of the channel, as previouslydescribed. By means of the plates J and J the draft can be directedeither to the middle of the compartment, or to either side, as desired,thus giving us perfect control of the draft, although we use but onefine in each compartment which leads to the smoke-chamber in the centerof the kiln.

Having thus fully described our invention, we claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent- 1. In a brick-kiln, the combination, with aburning-chamber having a draft-channel in its floor leading to thechimney, of a sectional sliding cover for partially closing the channel,substantially as described, whereby provision ismade for regulating thedraft of the burningchamber at center and both sides, as specified.

2. In a brick machine, the combination, with a burning-chamber having adraft-channel in its floor leading to the chimney, of two plates fittedto slide 011 the channel, the combined length of the said plates beingless than the length of the channel, and means for independentlyoperating the said plates, substantially as described.

In a brick-kiln, the combination, with a burning-chamber having atransverse draftchannel in its bottom and vertical openings at the endsof the said transverse channel, of plates fitted to slide on thetransverse channel, guide-sheaves in said vertical openings and chainsconnected to the plates passing over the guide-sheaves and up to the topof the said openings, substantially as herein shown and described.

4. In a continuous kiln, the combination, with a continuous passage-way,of flexible shutters held to move transversely across the saidpassage-way, and vertical rollers mounted to turn in the side walls ofthe said passageway and supporting the said flexible shutters,substantially as shown and described.

5. In a continuous kiln, the combination,

with a continuous passage-way, of flexible shutters held to movetransversely across the said passageway, vertical rollers mounted toturn in the side walls of the said passage-way and supporting the saidflexible shutters, and

means, substantially as described, for counterbalancing the said rollersand holding the shutters in position, as set forth.

6. In a continuous briclckiln, the combinaeach compartment into thebranch pipes, substantially as described, whereby the severalcompartments may be successively used for burning, drying, and coolingthe bricks, and the heat escaping from the cooling bricks utilized fordrying the green bricks, as set forth.

8. In a continuous kiln, the combination, with a smoke-chamber, of achimney located in the middle of the said smoke-chamber, and

dampers for connecting or disconnecting either end of the saidsmoke-chamber with or from the said chimney, substantially as shown anddescribed.

' JOHN HUBERT THISSEN.

MILLARD M. ARNOLD. Witnesses:

WM. H. RoYER, NELSON HILL.

